[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":520},["ShallowReactive",2],{"post-zh-guides-first-clean-cut":3,"header-article-translation-zh-guides-first-clean-cut":283,"trans-guides-first-clean-cut-zh":284},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"category":252,"date":253,"description":254,"difficulty":255,"draft":256,"duration":257,"extension":258,"featured":256,"image":259,"layout":263,"locale":264,"meta":265,"navigation":266,"path":267,"references":268,"related":276,"section":277,"seo":278,"slug":279,"status":276,"stem":280,"tags":276,"translationKey":281,"updated":276,"video":276,"__hash__":282},"content\u002Fzh\u002Fguides\u002Ffirst-clean-cut.md","第一次稳定 CNC 试切：保守的设置流程",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":243},"minimark",[9,18,23,26,45,48,52,55,137,140,146,149,152,155,158,169,172,175,178,196,201,205,208,229,232,237,240],[10,11,14],"cnc-warning",{"level":12,"title":13},"warning","先验证试切，不要直接切正式工件",[15,16,17],"p",{},"本文数值只适用于条件相近的桌面 CNC 起始设置，不是所有机器都安全的通用配方。请遵守机器和刀具厂商限制，将急停保持在可触及位置，并使用相同材料的废料进行试切。",[19,20,22],"h2",{"id":21},"先固定前提再填写参数","先固定前提，再填写参数",[15,24,25],{},"进给和转速必须结合机器、刀具、材料和啮合量理解。填写数值前，请记录：",[27,28,29,33,36,39,42],"ul",{},[30,31,32],"li",{},"机器类型和大致刚性；",[30,34,35],{},"刀具直径、刃数、刃长和伸出长度；",[30,37,38],{},"材料种类、厚度，以及是实木、胶合板还是 MDF；",[30,40,41],{},"主轴范围、进给上限、夹持方式和吸尘条件；",[30,43,44],{},"当前工序是型腔、轮廓还是贯穿切削。",[15,46,47],{},"其中任一项发生变化，都应把旧参数当作新的起点，而不是已经证明的配方。",[19,49,51],{"id":50},"laetoly-的保守起始基线","Laetoly 的保守起始基线",[15,53,54],{},"对于 3.175mm（1\u002F8 英寸）双刃上切硬质合金刀、桦木胶合板或 MDF，Laetoly 当前笔记使用下面的初始窗口：",[56,57,59],"parameter-table",{"title":58},"桌面 CNC 初始基线；必须在相同材料废料上验证",[60,61,62,78],"table",{},[63,64,65],"thead",{},[66,67,68,72,75],"tr",{},[69,70,71],"th",{},"参数",[69,73,74],{},"起始窗口",[69,76,77],{},"边界",[79,80,81,93,104,115,126],"tbody",{},[66,82,83,87,90],{},[84,85,86],"td",{},"主轴转速",[84,88,89],{},"16,000–18,000 RPM",[84,91,92],{},"必须处于主轴和刀具允许范围内",[66,94,95,98,101],{},[84,96,97],{},"每齿切屑厚度",[84,99,100],{},"0.05–0.08 mm\u002Ftooth",[84,102,103],{},"是计算目标，不是安全保证",[66,105,106,109,112],{},[84,107,108],{},"进给速度",[84,110,111],{},"1,600–2,400 mm\u002Fmin",[84,113,114],{},"堵转、颤振或丢步时应停止并降低负载",[66,116,117,120,123],{},[84,118,119],{},"每层切深",[84,121,122],{},"不超过 1.5mm",[84,124,125],{},"对此基线保持不超过刀具直径的 50%",[66,127,128,131,134],{},[84,129,130],{},"横向步距",[84,132,133],{},"刀具直径的 40%–45%",[84,135,136],{},"刚性或夹持不确定时应减小",[15,138,139],{},"不要把这张表直接用于 6mm 刀具、不同刃数、铝材、亚克力或另一台机器。刀具变化后，同一个进给值会产生不同的每齿切屑厚度和切削力。",[141,142],"figure",{"alt":143,"caption":144,"src":145},"主轴转速、进给、刃数和每齿切屑厚度的关系示意图","示意图：进给、转速和刃数决定名义每齿切屑厚度；啮合量仍会改变切削力。","\u002Fmedia\u002Fdiagrams\u002Ffeeds-speeds\u002Ffirst-clean-cut-chip-load.svg",[19,147,148],{"id":148},"不要用通用规则决定每层切深",[15,150,151],{},"每层切深是一次切削中沿 Z 轴去除的材料厚度。相比深切，浅层首刀更容易验证，因为它降低了切削力，也更容易及时停止异常运动。",[15,153,154],{},"优先选择能够证明刀具、工件和夹持稳定的最小切深。“刀具直径的一半”在某些轻型木工设置中可以作为保守上限启发，但它不是所有刀具的最大值，也不会自动保证安全。当刀具较长、材料较硬、机器柔性较大、型腔狭窄或夹持不确定时，应进一步减小。",[15,156,157],{},"可以用向上取整计算层数：",[159,160,166],"pre",{"className":161,"code":163,"language":164,"meta":165},[162],"language-text","切削层数 = ceiling(总切深 \u002F 选定的每层切深)\n","text","",[167,168,163],"code",{"__ignoreMap":165},[15,170,171],{},"最后一层不应超过设定的每层切深。如果需要精加工，应在粗加工中明确保留余量。",[19,173,174],{"id":174},"完成空运行和夹持检查",[15,176,177],{},"开始切削前：",[179,180,181,184,187,190,193],"ol",{},[30,182,183],{},"确认当前工作零点和总切深；",[30,185,186],{},"确认夹具、螺钉、吸尘罩和夹头不会进入刀路；",[30,188,189],{},"在已知安全高度、主轴关闭的情况下运行刀路；",[30,191,192],{},"确认刀具不会意外离开工件范围，且最终深度正确；",[30,194,195],{},"保持急停可触及，不要解除护罩、限位、门或联锁。",[141,197],{"alt":198,"caption":199,"src":200},"刀具以指定横向步距进行重叠切削的示意图","示意图：横向步距会改变啮合宽度和切削力。","\u002Fmedia\u002Fdiagrams\u002Ffeeds-speeds\u002Ffirst-clean-cut-stepover.svg",[19,202,204],{"id":203},"先读懂切削结果再改变参数","先读懂切削结果，再改变参数",[15,206,207],{},"出现工件移动、刀具明显挠曲、机器丢步、声音突然改变、冒烟或材料熔化时，应立即停止。检查：",[27,209,210,217,223],{},[30,211,212,216],{},[213,214,215],"strong",{},"切屑："," 固体切屑通常比细粉尘更有参考价值，但具体形态仍取决于材料和刀具几何形状；",[30,218,219,222],{},[213,220,221],{},"声音："," 刺耳啸叫、颤振或突然增大的负载是停止信号，不是继续运行的理由；",[30,224,225,228],{},[213,226,227],{},"边缘："," 烧焦、毛刺、撕裂或尺寸误差可能同时与几何形状、啮合量、夹持和参数有关。",[15,230,231],{},"一次只改变一个变量，并记录实际刀具、材料、工作零点、转速、进给、每层切深、步距和结果。带记录的失败试切比没有上下文的“好参数”更有价值。",[141,233],{"alt":234,"caption":235,"src":236},"平衡木材切削产生一致切屑的示意图","示意图：切屑只是观察指标之一，应与声音、边缘、工件移动和机器限制一起判断。","\u002Fmedia\u002Fdiagrams\u002Ffeeds-speeds\u002Fhealthy-chips.svg",[19,238,239],{"id":239},"把第一次切削当作验证闭环",[15,241,242],{},"第一次切削的目标不是最快的周期，而是验证机器、工作零点、刀具、材料、夹持和刀路能够相互匹配。完成记录后，再一次只优化一个变量，并保留已经验证过的记录作为回退点。",{"title":165,"searchDepth":244,"depth":244,"links":245},2,[246,247,248,249,250,251],{"id":21,"depth":244,"text":22},{"id":50,"depth":244,"text":51},{"id":148,"depth":244,"text":148},{"id":174,"depth":244,"text":174},{"id":203,"depth":244,"text":204},{"id":239,"depth":244,"text":239},"Toolpath","2026-09-09","为新手提供一套从刀路起始参数、每层切深到废料验证的保守试切流程。","beginner",false,10,"md",{"src":260,"alt":261,"caption":262},"\u002Fmedia\u002Farticle-covers\u002Fguides\u002Ffirst-clean-cut.webp","桌面 CNC 位于已夹紧的胶合板试切件上方","文章封面示意图；机器处于两次试切之间的状态。","article","zh",{},true,"\u002Fzh\u002Fguides\u002Ffirst-clean-cut",[269,272],{"id":270,"title":271},"laetoly-cam-toolpath-basics","Laetoly CAM Toolpath Planning & Conservative Feeds",{"id":273,"title":274,"url":275},"onsrud-soft-plywood-data","LMT Onsrud Soft Plywood Technical Data","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.onsrud.com\u002Fimages\u002FSoft%20Plywood.pdf",null,"guides",{"title":5,"description":254},"first-clean-cut","zh\u002Fguides\u002Ffirst-clean-cut","guides-first-clean-cut","iiSL8GyjsATHWabgd4P6L0KWqcem9I4JwJCLQpmLFss",{"section":277,"slug":279},{"id":285,"title":286,"body":287,"category":252,"date":253,"description":507,"difficulty":255,"draft":256,"duration":257,"extension":258,"featured":256,"image":508,"layout":263,"locale":511,"meta":512,"navigation":266,"path":513,"references":514,"related":276,"section":277,"seo":517,"slug":279,"status":276,"stem":518,"tags":276,"translationKey":281,"updated":276,"video":276,"__hash__":519},"content\u002Fen\u002Fguides\u002Ffirst-clean-cut.md","Your First Clean CNC Cut: A Conservative Setup Workflow",{"type":7,"value":288,"toc":499},[289,295,299,302,319,322,326,329,401,404,408,412,415,418,421,427,430,434,437,454,458,462,465,485,488,492,496],[10,290,292],{"level":12,"title":291},"Start with a test, not the final part",[15,293,294],{},"The values in this guide are a starting point for a matching desktop-CNC setup. They are not a universal safe recipe. Follow the machine and tool manufacturer's limits, keep the emergency stop reachable, and test on scrap of the same material before cutting a valuable part.",[19,296,298],{"id":297},"lock-the-assumptions-before-choosing-numbers","Lock the assumptions before choosing numbers",[15,300,301],{},"Feeds and speeds only make sense together with the machine, tool, material, and engagement. Before entering a value, record:",[27,303,304,307,310,313,316],{},[30,305,306],{},"machine type and approximate rigidity;",[30,308,309],{},"tool diameter, flute count, cutting length, and stickout;",[30,311,312],{},"material species, thickness, and whether it is solid wood, plywood, or MDF;",[30,314,315],{},"spindle range, feed limit, workholding, and dust extraction;",[30,317,318],{},"whether the operation is a pocket, profile, or through-cut.",[15,320,321],{},"If any of these change, treat the old numbers as a new starting point rather than a proven recipe.",[19,323,325],{"id":324},"a-conservative-laetoly-starting-baseline","A conservative Laetoly starting baseline",[15,327,328],{},"For a 3.175mm (1\u002F8-inch) two-flute up-cut carbide bit in birch plywood or MDF, the current Laetoly notes use this initial window:",[56,330,332],{"title":331},"Initial desktop-CNC baseline; verify on matching scrap",[60,333,334,347],{},[63,335,336],{},[66,337,338,341,344],{},[69,339,340],{},"Parameter",[69,342,343],{},"Starting window",[69,345,346],{},"Boundary",[79,348,349,359,369,379,390],{},[66,350,351,354,356],{},[84,352,353],{},"Spindle speed",[84,355,89],{},[84,357,358],{},"Must stay inside the spindle and tool limits",[66,360,361,364,366],{},[84,362,363],{},"Chip load",[84,365,100],{},[84,367,368],{},"A calculation target, not a guarantee",[66,370,371,374,376],{},[84,372,373],{},"Feed rate",[84,375,111],{},[84,377,378],{},"Reduce if the machine stalls, chatters, or loses steps",[66,380,381,384,387],{},[84,382,383],{},"Depth per pass",[84,385,386],{},"Up to 1.5mm",[84,388,389],{},"Keep at or below 50% of tool diameter for this baseline",[66,391,392,395,398],{},[84,393,394],{},"Stepover",[84,396,397],{},"40%–45% of tool diameter",[84,399,400],{},"Lower it when rigidity or workholding is uncertain",[15,402,403],{},"Do not transfer this table to a 6mm tool, a different flute count, aluminum, acrylic, or a different machine without recalculating and testing. The same feed with a different tool changes chip load and cutting force.",[141,405],{"alt":406,"caption":407,"src":145},"Spindle speed, feed rate, flute count, and chip load shown as linked variables","Schematic: feed, spindle speed, and flute count determine nominal chip load; engagement still changes cutting force.",[19,409,411],{"id":410},"choose-depth-per-pass-without-a-universal-rule","Choose depth per pass without a universal rule",[15,413,414],{},"Depth per pass is the axial layer removed in one cutting pass. A shallow first pass is usually easier to validate than a deep pass because it reduces cutting force and makes unexpected movement easier to stop.",[15,416,417],{},"Use the smallest depth that proves the toolpath and workholding. A half-diameter value can be a conservative upper-bound heuristic for some light wood-routing setups, but it is not a maximum for every bit and it is not automatically safe. Reduce it when the tool is long, the material is hard, the machine is flexible, the pocket is narrow, or the workholding is uncertain.",[15,419,420],{},"Calculate the pass count by rounding up:",[159,422,425],{"className":423,"code":424,"language":164,"meta":165},[162],"pass count = ceiling(total cut depth \u002F chosen depth per pass)\n",[167,426,424],{"__ignoreMap":165},[15,428,429],{},"The final pass must be no deeper than the chosen depth per pass. Leave additional stock when the operation needs a separate finishing pass.",[19,431,433],{"id":432},"complete-the-dry-run-and-workholding-check","Complete the dry run and workholding check",[15,435,436],{},"Before cutting:",[179,438,439,442,445,448,451],{},[30,440,441],{},"Confirm the active work zero and the total depth.",[30,443,444],{},"Confirm that clamps, screws, the dust shoe, and the collet stay outside the toolpath.",[30,446,447],{},"Run the path with the spindle off at a known safe height.",[30,449,450],{},"Confirm that the tool never leaves the stock unexpectedly and that the final depth is correct.",[30,452,453],{},"Keep the emergency stop accessible and do not defeat a guard, limit, door, or interlock.",[141,455],{"alt":456,"caption":457,"src":200},"A cutter making overlapping passes with a defined stepover","Schematic: stepover changes the engaged width and therefore the cutting force.",[19,459,461],{"id":460},"read-the-cut-before-changing-a-parameter","Read the cut before changing a parameter",[15,463,464],{},"Stop the test if the workpiece moves, the tool deflects, the machine misses steps, the sound changes sharply, or the cut produces smoke or melted material. Inspect:",[27,466,467,473,479],{},[30,468,469,472],{},[213,470,471],{},"Chips:"," solid chips are generally more informative than fine dust, but the expected form depends on material and tool geometry.",[30,474,475,478],{},[213,476,477],{},"Sound:"," harsh squeal, chatter, or a sudden load change is a stop signal, not a reason to keep cutting.",[30,480,481,484],{},[213,482,483],{},"Edge:"," burning, fuzz, tear-out, or a dimensional error points to a combination of geometry, engagement, workholding, and parameters.",[15,486,487],{},"Change one variable at a time. Record the actual tool, material, work zero, spindle speed, feed, depth per pass, stepover, and result. A recorded failed test is more useful than an unlabelled “good setting.”",[141,489],{"alt":490,"caption":491,"src":236},"Schematic of consistent chips from a balanced wood cut","Schematic: chip appearance is one observation; use it together with sound, edge quality, movement, and machine limits.",[19,493,495],{"id":494},"the-first-cut-is-a-verification-loop","The first cut is a verification loop",[15,497,498],{},"The goal of the first cut is not the fastest cycle. It is to verify that the machine, work zero, tool, material, workholding, and toolpath agree. Once that setup is documented, improve one variable at a time and keep the original tested record as a rollback point.",{"title":165,"searchDepth":244,"depth":244,"links":500},[501,502,503,504,505,506],{"id":297,"depth":244,"text":298},{"id":324,"depth":244,"text":325},{"id":410,"depth":244,"text":411},{"id":432,"depth":244,"text":433},{"id":460,"depth":244,"text":461},{"id":494,"depth":244,"text":495},"A beginner workflow for choosing a starting toolpath, checking depth per pass, and validating feeds and speeds on scrap material.",{"src":260,"alt":509,"caption":510},"Desktop CNC router above a clamped plywood test piece","Editorial cover image; the machine is shown between test cuts.","en",{},"\u002Fen\u002Fguides\u002Ffirst-clean-cut",[515,516],{"id":270,"title":271},{"id":273,"title":274,"url":275},{"title":286,"description":507},"en\u002Fguides\u002Ffirst-clean-cut","cqpAyDmkcFfrlyMzx199f6RV2I6WPrNt3O373EHxoRE",1789009347661]